1. Bharatnatyam
• The principles of which are derived from Bharatamuni’s Natya Shastra
• Natya comprises of music, dance and drama
• It is Brahma who is said to have created ‘Natyaveda’ which is supposed to be the essence of the existent Vedas!
Bharatnatyam
• It is believed that Bharatnatyam was revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata, a famous sage who then codified this sacred dance in a Sanskrit text called the Natya Shastra.
• Probably derives its name from an amalgamation of Bha from bhava Ra from raga and Ta from tala
• Has its origin in the sadir or the solo performance of the devdasis of Tamil Nadu
• Dance fell into disrepute but was brought into the meainstream by Rukmini Arundale through her school Kalakshetra…(also popularized by freedom fighter E.Krishna Iyer)
Famous styles of Bharatnatyam
• Padanallur
• Tanjore
Famous dancers
• Mrinalini Sarabhai
• Rukmini Devi
2. Kuchipudi
• Originated in AP
• Gets its name from the village of its birth Kuseelavapuri
• Kuseelavas were groups of actors going from village to village
• Basically can be traced to the dance dramas of Brahmins in temples
Features
• Traditionally a Male preserve but now open to women too
• Combines lasya and tandav
• Bhama Kalapam is an important part of its repertoire
• Siddhendra Yogi the one who composed the above believed that it was a dance that could lead to salvation
Exponent
• Raja and Radha Reddy
3. Yakshagana Bayalata
• Originated in Karnataka
• Performed by male troupes maintained by temples
Features
• Theatre form
• Dances are of nritta variety
• Enacted in open spaces
• Elaborate make up , head dresses
• Colorful clothes
Themes
• Epics
• Dashavtaras
• Focused on celebrating victory of good over evil
Famous exponent
• Dr.Kota Shivaram Karanth
4. Chchau
• Ancient but obscure origin
• Derived from ‘chchaya’ or shadow
• Term acc to odissi indicates war dance
• 3 stream of chchau nritya- Seraikela, Purulia and Mayurbhanj
Features
• Performed during sun or spring festival
• Shiva and Parvati are presidingdeities
• Stance resembles combat
• Male preserve though women have started learning
• Usage of masks
• Very vigorous, martial style, requires lot of stamina
• Musical accompaniment- flutes, drums
Themes
• Epics
• Puranas
• Nature
Exponent
• Raja Bijay Pratap
5. Kathak
• UP
• Probably inspired by Rasleela
• Influenced by Vaishnavism
• Revolves around Radha Krishna dance
• Derives name from kathika or story tellers who would recites stories from the epics with gestures
• Involves nritta and nritya
• Branched into a courtly stream in the Mughal period
• Fell into disrepute, later revived
• Influenced by different styles of diff gharanas- Lucknow, Jaipur, Varanasi and Raigarh
Features
• Intricate footwork
• Usage of facial expressions and hastas
• No bending of knees unlike bharatanatyam
• Indian and Persian costumes
Exponents
• Birju Maharaj
• Sashwati Sen
6. Manipuri
Features
• Emphasis on bhakti
• Not sensuous
• Awesome costumes, serene expressions
• Limited use of mudras
• Flourished with the advent of Vaishnavism
• Usage of drum or pung
• Cholom means dance- both tandav and lasya elements are present
• Inseparable from Rasleela
• Usage of compositions or songs composed by Jayadeva, Chandidas
• Brought to prominence by Rabindranath Tagore who introduced it in Shantiniketan
Exponent
• Charu Mathur
• Bipin Singh
7. Mohiniattam
• Kerala ‘dance of the enchantress’
• Origin apparently in the 19th century at Travancore
• Songs composed by Swami Thirunal
Features
• Elements of Bharatanatyam and Kathakali
• Grace of the former vigour of the latter
• Girls dance
• Erotic and lyrical
• Distinctive costumes
Exponent
• Hemamalini
• Vijayantimala
8.Odissi
• Probably derives its name from Odra nritya mentioned in Natya shastra
• Dance of the devdasis
• Influenced by Vaishnavism and the Bhakti cult
• Brought to light by Dr.Charles Fabri, dance critic who documented it
Features
• Called mobile sculpture cause its graceful and sensuous
• Great importance to tribhanga posture
• The principles of which are derived from Bharatamuni’s Natya Shastra
• Natya comprises of music, dance and drama
• It is Brahma who is said to have created ‘Natyaveda’ which is supposed to be the essence of the existent Vedas!
Bharatnatyam
• It is believed that Bharatnatyam was revealed by Lord Brahma to Bharata, a famous sage who then codified this sacred dance in a Sanskrit text called the Natya Shastra.
• Probably derives its name from an amalgamation of Bha from bhava Ra from raga and Ta from tala
• Has its origin in the sadir or the solo performance of the devdasis of Tamil Nadu
• Dance fell into disrepute but was brought into the meainstream by Rukmini Arundale through her school Kalakshetra…(also popularized by freedom fighter E.Krishna Iyer)
Famous styles of Bharatnatyam
• Padanallur
• Tanjore
Famous dancers
• Mrinalini Sarabhai
• Rukmini Devi
2. Kuchipudi
• Originated in AP
• Gets its name from the village of its birth Kuseelavapuri
• Kuseelavas were groups of actors going from village to village
• Basically can be traced to the dance dramas of Brahmins in temples
Features
• Traditionally a Male preserve but now open to women too
• Combines lasya and tandav
• Bhama Kalapam is an important part of its repertoire
• Siddhendra Yogi the one who composed the above believed that it was a dance that could lead to salvation
Exponent
• Raja and Radha Reddy
3. Yakshagana Bayalata
• Originated in Karnataka
• Performed by male troupes maintained by temples
Features
• Theatre form
• Dances are of nritta variety
• Enacted in open spaces
• Elaborate make up , head dresses
• Colorful clothes
Themes
• Epics
• Dashavtaras
• Focused on celebrating victory of good over evil
Famous exponent
• Dr.Kota Shivaram Karanth
4. Chchau
• Ancient but obscure origin
• Derived from ‘chchaya’ or shadow
• Term acc to odissi indicates war dance
• 3 stream of chchau nritya- Seraikela, Purulia and Mayurbhanj
Features
• Performed during sun or spring festival
• Shiva and Parvati are presidingdeities
• Stance resembles combat
• Male preserve though women have started learning
• Usage of masks
• Very vigorous, martial style, requires lot of stamina
• Musical accompaniment- flutes, drums
Themes
• Epics
• Puranas
• Nature
Exponent
• Raja Bijay Pratap
5. Kathak
• UP
• Probably inspired by Rasleela
• Influenced by Vaishnavism
• Revolves around Radha Krishna dance
• Derives name from kathika or story tellers who would recites stories from the epics with gestures
• Involves nritta and nritya
• Branched into a courtly stream in the Mughal period
• Fell into disrepute, later revived
• Influenced by different styles of diff gharanas- Lucknow, Jaipur, Varanasi and Raigarh
Features
• Intricate footwork
• Usage of facial expressions and hastas
• No bending of knees unlike bharatanatyam
• Indian and Persian costumes
Exponents
• Birju Maharaj
• Sashwati Sen
6. Manipuri
Features
• Emphasis on bhakti
• Not sensuous
• Awesome costumes, serene expressions
• Limited use of mudras
• Flourished with the advent of Vaishnavism
• Usage of drum or pung
• Cholom means dance- both tandav and lasya elements are present
• Inseparable from Rasleela
• Usage of compositions or songs composed by Jayadeva, Chandidas
• Brought to prominence by Rabindranath Tagore who introduced it in Shantiniketan
Exponent
• Charu Mathur
• Bipin Singh
7. Mohiniattam
• Kerala ‘dance of the enchantress’
• Origin apparently in the 19th century at Travancore
• Songs composed by Swami Thirunal
Features
• Elements of Bharatanatyam and Kathakali
• Grace of the former vigour of the latter
• Girls dance
• Erotic and lyrical
• Distinctive costumes
Exponent
• Hemamalini
• Vijayantimala
8.Odissi
• Probably derives its name from Odra nritya mentioned in Natya shastra
• Dance of the devdasis
• Influenced by Vaishnavism and the Bhakti cult
• Brought to light by Dr.Charles Fabri, dance critic who documented it
Features
• Called mobile sculpture cause its graceful and sensuous
• Great importance to tribhanga posture
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