1. Ask, advise, allow, command,force, forbid, invite, encourage,compel, beg, order•, imagine,instruct, permit, persuade, tell,require, remind, teach, etc. are followed by Object + To +V2.
For example,
Incorrect- He advised to do it by me.
Correct- He advised me to do it.
But if these are used in Passive Voice, then they are followed by To +V,.
For example,
Correct- She was permitted to go with him.
2. Know is followed by how/where/when/why and Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I know to write a letter.
Correct- I know how to write a letter.
3. After let, bid, behold, watch,see, feel, make etc. we use Bare-Infinitive and not To-infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct- I heard him speak on several subjects.
4. Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may,might, shall, should, will, would,must, dare not, need not).
For example,
Incorrect- You need not to work hard.
Correct- You need not work hard.
5. Had better, had rather,had as soon ... as ... , had sooner etc. are fol-lowed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better to go now.
Correct- He had better go now.
6. Conjunction than is also followed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better read than to write.
Correct- He had better read than write.
7. When but is used as a Preposition and preceded by any form of the Verb do, then but is followed with Bare Infinitive.
Incorrect- He did nothing but to wander.
Correct- He did nothing but
wander.
8. Every Participile must have a Subject of Reference.
For example,
Incorrect- Being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home. Correct- It being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
9. For completed action Having + Va is used in Active Voice, whereas Having + been + Va or Being + Va
is used in Passive Voice. After should not be used in such as sentence.
For example,
Incorrect- After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct- The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
10. Participles like considering,judging, referring, concerning,regarding, viewing, broadly speaking etc. do not take any Subject of Reference.
For example,
Correct - Considering the case, I took the decision. Here I is not a Subject of Reference of considering. So, there is no Subject of Reference for 'considering, still the sentence is correct.
For example,
Incorrect- He advised to do it by me.
Correct- He advised me to do it.
But if these are used in Passive Voice, then they are followed by To +V,.
For example,
Correct- She was permitted to go with him.
2. Know is followed by how/where/when/why and Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I know to write a letter.
Correct- I know how to write a letter.
3. After let, bid, behold, watch,see, feel, make etc. we use Bare-Infinitive and not To-infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct- I heard him speak on several subjects.
4. Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may,might, shall, should, will, would,must, dare not, need not).
For example,
Incorrect- You need not to work hard.
Correct- You need not work hard.
5. Had better, had rather,had as soon ... as ... , had sooner etc. are fol-lowed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better to go now.
Correct- He had better go now.
6. Conjunction than is also followed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better read than to write.
Correct- He had better read than write.
7. When but is used as a Preposition and preceded by any form of the Verb do, then but is followed with Bare Infinitive.
Incorrect- He did nothing but to wander.
Correct- He did nothing but
wander.
8. Every Participile must have a Subject of Reference.
For example,
Incorrect- Being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home. Correct- It being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
9. For completed action Having + Va is used in Active Voice, whereas Having + been + Va or Being + Va
is used in Passive Voice. After should not be used in such as sentence.
For example,
Incorrect- After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct- The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
10. Participles like considering,judging, referring, concerning,regarding, viewing, broadly speaking etc. do not take any Subject of Reference.
For example,
Correct - Considering the case, I took the decision. Here I is not a Subject of Reference of considering. So, there is no Subject of Reference for 'considering, still the sentence is correct.
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